Introduction
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT) is the most common type of porphyria, a disorder affecting heme production. It leads to skin sensitivity, blistering, and liver abnormalities. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
Symptoms
- Skin fragility and blistering on sun-exposed areas
- Hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation
- Excessive facial hair growth
- Scarring and milia (small cysts)
- Liver dysfunction in some cases
Causes and Risk Factors
PCT can be sporadic (acquired) or genetic. Triggers include:
- Excessive alcohol use
- Iron overload (hemochromatosis)
- Hepatitis C or HIV
- Certain medications (e.g., estrogens)
- Environmental toxins
Diagnosis
Confirmed through:
- Urine porphyrin analysis (elevated uroporphyrins)
- Plasma fluorescence scan
- Genetic testing (for familial cases)
- Liver and iron studies
Treatment
- Phlebotomy (Blood Removal): Reduces iron overload.
- Low-Dose Hydroxychloroquine: Helps clear porphyrins.
- Managing Triggers: Avoid alcohol, treat infections, and adjust medications.
- Sun Protection: Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing.
Conclusion
PCT is manageable with proper treatment and lifestyle changes. If you have symptoms, consult a doctor for evaluation.